What vital signs should be assessed first in an unresponsive patient?

In an unresponsive patient, the most critical aspect to assess initially is the patient's ability to breathe, making the respiratory rate and pulse oximetry the priority. Assessing respiratory rate provides immediate insight into how well the patient is ventilating. If the respiratory rate is too high or too low, it may indicate respiratory distress or failure, which can quickly lead to hypoxia.

Measuring pulse oximetry complements this assessment by providing a direct measurement of oxygen saturation in the blood. This is crucial because an unresponsive patient may not be able to maintain adequate oxygenation, leading to life-threatening consequences if not addressed promptly.

Heart rate and blood pressure, while important, are secondary in this scenario because they do not provide immediate insight into the patient's airway and breathing status. Temperature is useful for assessing the presence of infection or other conditions but is not a primary concern in an unresponsive patient. Capillary refill time is more relevant in evaluating perfusion and circulation, which can wait until the airway and breathing have been assessed. By focusing on respiratory rate and pulse oximetry, responders can swiftly identify and address the most critical life-supporting interventions.